'Mona Lisa’s Hundred Smiles' by Shigeo Fukuda (1970)
External imageDavid Hammons (born 1943) is an African-American artist mostly known for his works in and around New York City during the 1970s and 1980s. Much of his work, including Spade with Chains (1973), reflects his commitment to the civil rights and Black Power movements. In this particular work, the artist employs a provocative, derogatory term, coupled with the literal gardening instrument, in order to make a statement about the issues of bondage and resistance.
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